What does equity in schools look like? And how is it tied to growing teacher shortages?
When Prime Minister Anthony Albanese declared victory on election night, he said he wanted to unite Australians around “our shared values of fairness and opportunity, and hard work and kindness to those in need”.
So what would this look like in Australian schools? Schools, after all, are where a society that believes in fairness and opportunity must begin. Equity involves more than fairly funding schools.
It’s about matching teachers’ passion with the respect, time, resources and conditions that enable them to do what they signed up to do – make a difference in students’ lives.
Read more: Almost 60% of teachers say they want out. What is Labor going to do for an exhausted school sector?
Based on our research into quality use of evidence to drive quality in education, I suggest equity, hard work and kindness should underpin school policy in three ways.
1. Ensure fairness in funding
The first priority is fairness in funding. It’s been 10 years since the Gonski review proposed a more equitable approach to school funding. The goal was to ensure differences in students’ educational outcomes aren’t the product of differences in wealth, income or power.
Since then, the approach has been diluted and gone backwards.
While resourcing to schools increased by more than A$2 billion over a decade, the Grattan Institute found that once wage growth is taken into account, private schools received more than 80% of this extra funding, despite educating less than 20% of Australia’s most disadvantaged students.
COVID-19 has intensified disparities that are hard-baked into Australia schooling through the historical segregation of schools.
The basis of the reform therefore needs to be reviewed. As then-prime minister Julia Gillard, a former education minister, effectively tied a hand behind the government’s back by committing to the principle that no school would lose funding as a result of the reforms.
This distorted Gonski’s needs-based aspiration.
The needs-based funding that needs to be directed to public schools for them to be fully funded according to the Gonski model equates to more than $1000 per student each year. But ensuring all schools get a fair share of public funding is only a part of the challenge.
Read more: Still ‘Waiting for Gonski’ – a great book about the sorry tale of school funding
2. Reward those who choose to teach
A second priority relates to fairly rewarding the hard work of teachers. This should include incentives to enter the profession, and better pay and working conditions to keep them there.
Teacher shortages are reaching critical levels. Modelling in Queensland, for example, shows a 25% decline in state high school teaching graduates over five years. Secondary school enrolments are predicted to increase by 13% over the same period.
As Southern Cross University’s Professor Pasi Sahlberg notes, teachers “start excited and depart exhausted”.
During the 2022 federal election campaign, Labor promised high-achieving students would be paid up to $12,000 a year to study education to lift teacher standards.
“We want to make sure our kids get the best education they can. That means we have to make sure they get the best-quality teaching,” Albanese said.
Labor also announced plans to double the number of high-achieving students enrolling in teacher education over the next decade, from about 1800 a year at present to 3600.
Also, about 5000 students who receive an Australian Tertiary Admission Rank (ATAR) of 80 will be able to get an annual $10,000 payment over their four-year degree. An extra $2000 a year has been promised to students who commit to teach in regional areas – the worst affected by teacher shortages.
A great start on this front; the old teacher scholarships trained a generation of brilliant teachers and created amazing education opportunities for working class kids.
— Van Badham (@vanbadham) May 9, 2022
“Labor to announce scholarship plan for high-achieving students to become teachers” https://t.co/b4nzXew67N
Providing incentives like these might work – particularly as only 3% of high achievers in Australia select teaching for undergraduate study. Contrast this with the 19% who select science for undergraduate study.
Three decades ago, about 10 times this proportion of high achievers chose to study teaching.
But, unlike other fields such as agriculture, such rankings are less reliable as predicators of performance in education. It’s rightly argued that other skills, such as high-level interpersonal skills, are important to the quality of teaching, alongside high-level literacy and numeracy.
We need to be thinking more boldly and expansively about how we can inspire and assess people to enter the profession.
Read more: Three charts on teachers' pay in Australia: it starts out OK, but goes downhill pretty quickly
3. Make schools better for teaching
But even if such measures might attract new teachers, attrition rates are also concerning.
Educators persistently indicate they’re suffering stress, burnout, abuse from parents, and excessive workload, which takes away from teaching students.
Increased workload pressures mean they have less time to focus on teaching students. It ultimately drives many out of teaching.
Strikes for better pay in New South Wales in relation to the government’s 2.5% wage cap for public servants are on one level about fair pay, but also reflect deeper concerns about working conditions.
Read more: Is teaching Australia's most underappreciated profession?
Teachers don’t feel respected. A 2020 study found nearly three-quarters of educators felt underappreciated.
The challenge of keeping teachers in the profession therefore entails much more than pay. Research has shown salary ranks after factors such as commitment to the profession, job satisfaction, and positive relationships with students and colleagues.
The most common reasons for leaving include workloads, being unappreciated, stress and burnout from years of struggle in substandard conditions.
Fostering excellence in teaching is therefore not just about attracting quality candidates, nor is it only about paying them at the right level once they become teachers. It’s about respecting their judgment and professionalism, as well as supporting them throughout their careers.
Read more: Higher salaries might attract teachers but pay isn't one of the top 10 reasons for leaving
Three charts on teachers’ pay in Australia https://t.co/ZVd3pvMVGx
— Lesley Wright, Ph.D (@LesleyWrites) September 15, 2019
Saying our teachers are well paid is only half the story - they may start that way, but that's not where they end up. #education #teacher pic.twitter.com/WnWpFzxaDD
Even though pay might be poor in comparison with other professions, and the workload overwhelming, educators continue to teach because they’re driven by a deep, passionate moral purpose to make a difference in kids’ lives.
We understand the challenges. Let’s hope kindness, fairness and a clear moral purpose drive the policy of Australia’s new government to address current problems, as well as deeply-embedded historical legacies.
The Albanese government has a tough, complex job – not unlike teaching.
This article originally appeared on The Conversation.
